摘要 :
The described Neotropical species of the common and speciose fairyfly genus Gonatocerus Nees ab Esenbeck (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) are reviewed and re-diagnosed. Eighty-four valid species are recognized including 11 newly described...
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The described Neotropical species of the common and speciose fairyfly genus Gonatocerus Nees ab Esenbeck (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) are reviewed and re-diagnosed. Eighty-four valid species are recognized including 11 newly described ones. Illustrated identification keys are provided to identify the 5 subgenera recognized in Gonatocerus and to females of each subgenus. The keys include 79 of the treated species, the other five species are known from males only. The known distribution ranges of the species, including new records of extralimital specimens examined, are given. Host associations of the treated species are also given, with emphasis on those species that parasitize eggs of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae: Proconiini), all of which belong to the ater and morrilli subgroups of the ater species group of G. (Cosmocomoidea Howard), stat. rev. The other four recognized subgenera within Gonatocerus are the nominate subgenus, G. (Gonatocerus) (= sulphuripes species group of authors), G. (Lymaenon Walker), stat. rev. (= litoralis and straeleni species groups of authors), G. (Gastrogonatocerus Ogloblin), stat. rev. (= membraciphagus species group of authors), and G. (Gahanopsis Ogloblin), syn. n. & stat. n. (= deficiens species group of authors). Newly treated as synonyms of G. (Lymaenon) are Rachistus Foerster, Oophilus Enock, Agonatocerus Girault, Gonatoceroides Girault, and Decarthrius Debauche, all syn. n. Two species groups are recognized within G. (Cosmocomoidea) in the New World: the ater group, to which most Neotropical species belong (with the ater, bucculentus, morrilli, and the newly defined chusqueicolus subgroups) and the masneri group, with two described species from the Dominican Republic. The 11 new species described are G. (Gahanopsis) arkadak Triapitsyn sp. n. (Colombia), G. (Cosmocomoidea) barbos Triapitsyn sp. n. (Costa Rica and Mexico), G. (Cosmocomoidea) blefuscu Triapitsyn sp. n. (Costa Rica), G. (Cosmocomoidea) cuscus Triapitsyn sp. n. (Peru), G. (Cosmocomoidea) garchamp Triapitsyn sp. n. (Argentina), G. (Cosmocomoidea) gerasim Triapitsyn sp. n. (Mexico), G. (Cosmocomoidea) hispaniolus Triapitsyn & Huber sp. n. (Dominican Republic), G. (Cosmocomoidea) kiskis Triapitsyn sp. n. (Argentina), G. (Cosmocomoidea) logarzoi Triapitsyn sp. n. (Argentina), G. (Cosmocomoidea) mumu Triapitsyn sp. n. (Argentina), and G. (Cosmocomoidea) rakitovi Triapitsyn sp. n. (Costa Rica). Seven new synonymies are proposed: Gonatocerus h-luteum (Ogloblin) syn. n. under G. (Cosmocomoidea) nigriflagellum (Girault); G. enicmophilus Huber syn. n. and G. necator (Ogloblin) syn. n. under G. (Cosmocomoidea) bonariensis (Brethes); G. dimorphus (Ogloblin) syn. n. and G. monrosi (Ogloblin) syn. n. under G. (Gastrogonatocerus) margiscutum Girault; and G. setulosus (Ogloblin) syn. n. and G. dorsiniger (Ogloblin) syn. n. under G. (Gastrogonatocerus) membraciphagus Ogloblin. Litus maculipennis Ashmead, Gahanopsis deficiens (Ogloblin), and Gahanopsis straeleni (Debauche) are transferred to Gonatocerus as, respectively, G. (Cosmocomoidea) maculipennis (Ashmead) comb. n., G. (Gahanopsis) deficiens (Ogloblin) comb. n., and G. (Lymaenon) straeleni (Debauche) comb. n. Lectotypes are designated for the following 23 species: G. (Gahanopsis) acanophorae (Ogloblin), G. (Gahanopsis) aethalionis (Ogloblin), G. (Cosmocomoidea) annulicornis (Ogloblin), G. (Gastrogonatocerus) anomocerus Crawford, G. (Gonatocerus) appendiculatus (Ogloblin), G. (Gonatocerus) bonaerensis (Ogloblin), G. (Cosmocomoidea) caudatus (Ogloblin), G.(Cosmocomoidea concinnus (Ogloblin), Lymaenon (Gastrogonatocerus) dimorphus Ogloblin, G. (Gonatocerus) excisus (Ogloblin), G. (Cosmocomoidea) gracilicornis (Ogloblin), G. (Cosmocomoidea) grandis (Ogloblin), Lymaenon h-luteum Ogloblin, G. (Cosmocomoidea) inauditus (Ogloblin), G. (Gastrogonatocerus) juvator Perkins, G. (Gastrogonatocerus) margiscutum Girault, G. (Cosmocomoidea) metanotalis (Ogloblin), G. (Cosmocom
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摘要 :
New genera and species of Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) are described from Mexico and the western United States and two new combinations are created. Roburocoris n. gen. accommodates Psallus maculosus Knight, 1925 and t...
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New genera and species of Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) are described from Mexico and the western United States and two new combinations are created. Roburocoris n. gen. accommodates Psallus maculosus Knight, 1925 and three new species. The four species have a wide distribution in the southwestern United States and Mexico for the most part and are collected on various species of Quercus (Fagaceae). Viscacoris n. gen. is created for Plagiognathus phoradendronae Knight, 1929 and comprises four species from Mexico and the southwestern United States. The four species are recorded from mistletoe (Viscaceae).
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Siphonaptera (fleas) is a highly specialized order of holometabolous insects comprising similar to 2500 species placed in 16 families. Despite a long history of extensive work on flea classification and biology, phylogenetic relat...
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Siphonaptera (fleas) is a highly specialized order of holometabolous insects comprising similar to 2500 species placed in 16 families. Despite a long history of extensive work on flea classification and biology, phylogenetic relationships among fleas are virtually unknown. We present the first formal analysis of flea relationships based on a molecular matrix of four loci (18S ribosomal DNA, 28S ribosomal DNA, Cytochrome Oxidase II, and Elongation Factor 1-alpha) for 128 flea taxa from around the world representing 16 families, 25 subfamilies, 26 tribes, and 83 flea genera with eight outgroups. Trees were reconstructed using direct optimization and maximum likelihood techniques. Our analysis supports Tungidae as the most basal flea lineage, sister group to the remainder of the extant fleas. Pygiopsyllomorpha is monophyletic, as are the constituent families Lycopsyllidae, Pygiopsyllidae, and Stivaliidae, with a sister group relationship between the latter two families. Macropsyllidae is resolved as sister group to Coptopsyllidae with moderate nodal support. Stephanociricidae is monophyletic, as are the two constituent subfamilies Stephanocircinae and Craneopsyllinae. Vermipsyllidae is placed as sister group to Jordanopsylla. Rhopalopsyllidae is monophyletic as are the two constituent subfamilies Rhopalopsyllinae and Parapsyllinae. Hystrichopsyllidae is paraphyletic with Hystrichopsyllini placed as sister to some species of Anomiopsyllini and Ctenopariini placed as sister to Carterettini. Ctenophthalmidae is grossly paraphyletic with the family broken into seven lineages dispersed on the tree. Most notably, Anomiopsyllini is paraphyletic. Pulicidae and Chimaeropsyllidae are both monophyletic and these families are sister groups. Ceratophyllomorpha is monophyletic and includes Ischnopsyllidae, Ceratophyllidae, and Leptopsyllidae. Leptopsyllidae is paraphyletic as are its constituent subfamilies Amphipsyllinae and Leptopsyllinae and the tribes Amphipsyllini and Leptopsyllini. Ischnopsyllidae is monophyletic. Ceratophyllidae is monophyletic, with a monophyletic Dactypsyllinae nested within Ceratophyllinae, rendering the latter group paraphyletic. Mapping of general host associations on our topology reveals an early association with mammals with four independent shifts to birds. (C) The Willi Hennig Society 2008.
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Records of the distribution and host associations of Caenocholax fenyesi continue to increase. Crematogaster laeviuscula is reported for the First time as a host of male C fenyesi, increasing the number of known male hosts to seve...
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Records of the distribution and host associations of Caenocholax fenyesi continue to increase. Crematogaster laeviuscula is reported for the First time as a host of male C fenyesi, increasing the number of known male hosts to seven species in three subfamilies of Formicidae. Additionally, the distribution of C fenyesi continues to become better known, with a first record from Colombia and additional records from Panama and Mexico added herein. Noted variation in aedeagus morphology from this study and previous evidence of genetic differences suggests that C. fenyesi, which is currently recognized as a monotypic species, is most likely a species complex.
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摘要 :
Records of the distribution and host associations of Caenocholax fenyesi continue to increase. Crematogaster laeviuscula is reported for the First time as a host of male C fenyesi, increasing the number of known male hosts to seve...
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Records of the distribution and host associations of Caenocholax fenyesi continue to increase. Crematogaster laeviuscula is reported for the First time as a host of male C fenyesi, increasing the number of known male hosts to seven species in three subfamilies of Formicidae. Additionally, the distribution of C fenyesi continues to become better known, with a first record from Colombia and additional records from Panama and Mexico added herein. Noted variation in aedeagus morphology from this study and previous evidence of genetic differences suggests that C. fenyesi, which is currently recognized as a monotypic species, is most likely a species complex.
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This paper reports the occurrence of ticks on different species of free-ranging wild mammals in Emas National Park, Goias State, Brazil. Between November 1999 and July 2008, ticks were collected from free-ranging wild mammals duri...
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This paper reports the occurrence of ticks on different species of free-ranging wild mammals in Emas National Park, Goias State, Brazil. Between November 1999 and July 2008, ticks were collected from free-ranging wild mammals during 330 capture events. The tick species Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787), Amblyomma coelebs Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma naponense (Packard, 1869), Amblyomma ovate Koch, 1844, Amblyomma parvum Aragao, 1908, Amblyomma tigrinum Koch, 1844, Amblyomma triste Koch, 1844, and Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) were identified on hosts of the order Carnivora. Among other host orders (Xenarthra, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Rodentia, Didelphimorphia, Primates), specimens of A. cajennense, A. coelebs, A. ovate, A. triste, Amblyomma pseudoconcolor Aragao, 1908, A. naponense and Amblyomma nodosum Neumann, 1899 were identified. Although most of the tick-host associations found in this study have been previously reported, this is the first report of adults of A. tigrinum parasitizing a pampas cat, Leopardus colocolo (Molina, 1782), nymphs of Amblyomma parvum and Amblyomma ovate on Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), nymphs of Amblyomma naponense on C. thous and Tayassu tajacu (Linnaeus, 1758), nymphs of Amblyomma triste on C. thous and L. colocolo, nymphs of Amblyomma coelebs on Puma yagouaroundi (Geoffroy, 1803) and Dasyprocta azarae Lichtenstein, 1823, and nymphs of Amblyomma cajennense on L. colocolo, Conepatus semistriatus (Boddaert, 1785), Galictis cola (Molina, 1782) and Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766). This study is therefore a significant contribution to our knowledge of the ectoparasites associated with free-ranging Brazilian wild mammals.
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From April 2007 to September 2008, 1,793 adult and nymphal ixodid ticks were collected from 49 counties in Tennessee. Six species were identified, including Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Amblyomma americanum (L.), Ixodes texanus (...
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From April 2007 to September 2008, 1,793 adult and nymphal ixodid ticks were collected from 49 counties in Tennessee. Six species were identified, including Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Amblyomma americanum (L.), Ixodes texanus (Banks), Ixodes cookei Packard, Ixodes scapularis (Say), and Amblyomma maculatum Koch, from 13 medium- to large-sized mammalian hosts and dragging through vegetation. Raccoons were the most common vertebrate source (198 captures), accounting for 60% of ticks collected. Dermacentor variabilis was the predominant species from raccoons with a prevalence of 92% and mean intensity of 5.3. A. americanum was predominated in white-tailed deer and drags with respective mean intensities of 3.1 and 14.1 and prevalence values of 94%. All tick species were identified between April and August, coinciding with the majority of animal captures. Only A. americanum, I. texanus, and I. cookei were identified from 22 animal captures from November to March. I. texanus and I. cookei were more common in the eastern portions of the state, but this may be a result of higher raccoon captures in those areas. Only four specimens of I. scapularis were collected in this study, which may reflect the absence of small mammal or reptile captures. Two A. maculatum were collected, and we report new distribution records in Tennessee for this species. Despite unequal sampling among ecoregions, the large numbers of D. variabilis and A. americanum from multiple host species suggest their widespread distribution throughout the state. These species of ticks can transmit multiple pathogens, including spotted fever group rickettsiae and ehrlichiae.
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In recent years, large-scale genomic studies have been performed in attempts to determine how genetic variation in the human host influences the gut microbiome. As microbiome traits are very heterogeneous, new analytical approache...
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In recent years, large-scale genomic studies have been performed in attempts to determine how genetic variation in the human host influences the gut microbiome. As microbiome traits are very heterogeneous, new analytical approaches are needed to move this field forward. By using genetic tools, there is a huge opportunity to enrich our understanding of the complex link between humans and our intimately associated microbial species.
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The first record of Caenocholax fenyesi parasitizing the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in South America is documented. Caenocholax fenyesi males were collected from colonies of S. invicta in northeastern Argentina. Th...
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The first record of Caenocholax fenyesi parasitizing the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in South America is documented. Caenocholax fenyesi males were collected from colonies of S. invicta in northeastern Argentina. This record helps to clarify the occurrence and host utilization of C. fenyesi in the United States, where S. invicta is an invasive exotic species. This record, along with other recent reports, suggests that C. fenyesi males are generalist parasites, not utilizing a narrow host range, as do most known strepsipterans. However, the potential presence of cryptic species is an alternate explanation.
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Ten new species of the genus Klinckowstroemia are described from passalid beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae) collected in eastern and southern Mexico. The new species are Klinckowstroemia bifurcata sp. nov., K. hunteri sp. nov., K. ...
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Ten new species of the genus Klinckowstroemia are described from passalid beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae) collected in eastern and southern Mexico. The new species are Klinckowstroemia bifurcata sp. nov., K. hunteri sp. nov., K. valdezi sp. nov., K.montanoi sp. nov., K. brevimarginata sp. nov., K. rectimarginata sp. nov., K. franckei sp. nov., K. santibanezi sp. nov., K. ballesterosi sp. nov. and K. cristinae sp. nov. In some cases two species of Klinckowstroemia occurred on a single individual beetle and in one case an individual specimen of Odontotaenius zodiacus carried three species of mites: K. hunteri, K. bifurcata and K. valdezi. Eleven species of passalid beetles are new hosts for Klinckowstroemia. The beetle species associated with the most species of mites was Odontotaenius zodiacus, with six species; the other beetle species carried one or two mite species each. Mites were found in three areas of the passalid's body: the coxae, the mesoepistemum and the humeri. Some species of Klinckowstroemia were found on more than one host species: K. valdezi and K. santibanezi were associated with four and three species of passalids respectively. This work increases the number of described species of the genus Klinckowstroemia from 14 to 24 species. The number of species of passalid beetles associated with this mite genus increased from 22 to 33.
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